Please remember to peel off the protective films from both transparent shields. Night driving glasses are usually non-prescription eyeglasses that have a yellow tinted lens. Once folded back into place, the space it takes up is minimal. But many laws stop vehicles from having a window tinting level that was below 35%. Can you test drive it after dark? In my personal opinion there's really only a couple things you need to ask to determine if you want 35% or 20% all around your car. Why doesn't the medical community know more about. If you still want a window tint on your car, but you can not see at night, you can get a higher window tint. I kinda wish I had 20% done on the fronts but I was concerned about tickets. (Our information about window tint laws in Massachusetts was last updated in 2023.) Or you can buy the film as a roll, which is less expensive and gives you more wiggle room in case of user error. But said he doesn't know enough about tint to make a recommendation for night driving and find a good medium. The . As such, a legal window tint may actually help cut the glare that can cause issues. If you think about it, this wouldn't even be practical. 15 sides and rear and 50 windshield if you dont have very bright headlights. Tint laws allow for front side windows to have a minimal VLT of 70%, meaning it will let through 70% of available light while only blocking 30%. Most drivers rely on street and traffic lights to help better illuminate the road. MotoShield Pro Premium Precut Ceramic Kit. . Tinting car windows is indeed a good idea. I got 20% on my car and no problems at night. Make sure to clean the window first for a good cling! There is a company that sells temporary window tint in different grades. Here Are The 10 Reasons, Analysis Of Slammed Honda Odyssey Is A Good Idea Or Not, How Much Does It Cost To Replace A Honda Catalytic Converter?-(Solved! With the number of cop shot by a driver being pulled over, they are justifiably cautious when approaching any vehicle, but tinted windows are the worse for them. With a Transmission Rate of 10%, it is the perfect solution to bright sunrises & sunsets. Window tinting also provides added privacy. But be sure to check your states laws before buying so you get the right stuff for your needs. Older drivers may find that they can no longer feel safe on the freeway and this could help them find their driving legs again. The amount of tint a person can see through also depends on their experience driving with tinted windows. Here are a few tips to help you make the most of your online shopping experience. driveaccord.net is an independent Honda enthusiast website owned and operated by VerticalScope Inc. In addition to shielding eyes from the harsh daytime rays and creating more privacy, window films can mean better safety as a nighttime driver. While window tint really excels at reducing glare at night, it also serves the same purpose during the day. It also gives the film a stylish look with outstanding color stability, so it never turns purple. Installing 35% window tint on your vehicle may range from $150 to $600 for standard, non-reflective tint film. While 35 window tint at night may not be as dark as other options available, it's legal in all 50 states and will still provide you with plenty of protection while driving day or night. Our team conducted a market survey to assess customer demands in 2022 and collected 1,662 reviews. i have 20% all around and its not that hard to see at night but like when im in my nedor hodd that doesnt have any street lights its pretty hard to see, if somone was driving with there lights off i would be F**ked lol. 20% is about the max you can go and see well on a dark night. Each state is different, i would say play around those numbers. We analyzed different products available online and put a List of Top Ten Best Window Tint For Night Driving Reviews. Many people believe that a 35% window tint is too low of a tint grade level to see at night. Kind of. Two-year warranty. The front side windows have to allow at least 25% of the light in. During the day that 5% is still a good amount of light. Or even a little bit about how it works? Forbes Wheels independently tests and reviews cars and automotive accessories. Generally, window tints arent tricky to install, but they do require a few tools, a clean environment, and an ample amount of patience. So people outside of the vehicle will be able to see inside the vehicle if they are looking through the main front window. KDX anti-glare mirror film uses advanced, ceramic nanotechnology to effectively reduce the yellow light spectrum. If you have a mirror in the way it may NOT WORK on your car (please see pictures). [REDUCE SUN GLARE] Our Car Sun Visor Extension uses polarizing technology to adjust light waves, reducing harmful sun glare. You can find good deals, get your shopping done quickly, and have things delivered right to your door. HIGH QUALITY High quality, 2-layer system of black mesh and high quality STATIC CLING material manufactured to provide the ability to move and re-apply instantly - thousands of times! In the study conducted in the United States, red cars are the most common vehicles to get pulled over by the police, even if they are doing nothing wrong. Above the manufacturer's AS-1 line or top 5 inches, 25% VLT tint can be used, with less than 25% reflection. Now that we have discussed the car tint percentage options, it comes down to choosing the best tint for night driving. Browsing through these reviews is the smartest thing to do. You can buy a wide range of configurations for cars, SUVs, minivans, and trucks. Tint Darkness: The darkness of window tint is measures by the visible light transmission percentage.This is often abbreviated as VLT%. Make sure your glass doesn't have any cracks - Much like a dirty windshield a crack in your windshield can cause light to scatter. 80% VLT Nano Ceramic Car Front Window Film 99% Anti UV Heat Insulation Sun Blocking Solar Window Tint for Car Windshield Rear Side Window, Light Blue, 20Inch X 10Feet. Kindly RemainThe service life of the Rearview Mirror Film is normally 4-6 months. How Window Tints Can Improve Nighttime Visibility, It may seem like an oxymoron that you can darken car windows with privacy film to see better during night time, but it is possible to gain better visibility when driving after the sun goes down if. It just all depends on where you live and drive how dark of tint you can get. Wide Application Mirror window film, rearview mirror, window mirror film mirror accessories, design by10 x 10 cm/ 3.9 x 3.9 inch, 9.5 x 13.5 cm/3.75 x 5.3 inch,10 x 15 cm/ 3.9 x 5.9 inch, 17.5 x 20 cm/ 6.9 x 7.9 inch, you can also cut it at will Use for car, SUV, buses, off-road vehicles, taxis,truck, trailer, motorcycles, etc., which fit all standard size of car side mirrors. I have 5% on my back sides and rear windshield. driveaccord.net is not in any way affiliated with Honda Motor Company, VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. If you have no experience driving with tinted windows, then even driving during the day can be difficult. I love it and i don't find it too dark at all at night. In order not to affect your effect, please replace it with a new Mirror window film in a timely manner. Can I install a window tint as well as a shop? If you are unfamiliar with window tinting, then just know that the percentage numbers work in reverse. Step 2: Set the temperature to a comfortable level. Another benefit to darker window tint is the added privacy you get while driving around. Safer Driving - Protect your eyes from eyestrain during long road trips using Mobi Lock's car sun visor. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. SET OF 2 WITH CARRYING CASE Includes 2 high quality, dual-layer, static cling, sun glare blocking patches and a handy storage bag to keep them quickly available! The key is to reduce the negative issues that can occur when . For added protection, increased privacy and a sleek new look, choose 3M window tinting with Calgary Pro Window Tinting. {{ isSummaryShown ? It is true that certain window film will give you worse vision in the dark, so its imperative that you have some advice, if youre unsure of what you need, to insure youre getting the right percentage of tint on your windows. Mar 30, 2001 . All Rights Reserved. We offer everything for the do-it-yourself customer: complete pre-cut window tinting kits for homes, automobiles, and commercial buildings; uncut roll film to save you money on large jobs; professional tools and tool sets; how to DVDs so you can learn to tint like a pro; and 19 years experience . You could also be arrested if you are caught driving with tinted windows. We can help you determine the best tint for protecting your eyes and your vehicle. I'm chief editor of Daily Car Tips. My new car has 20% all around and I see just fine out at night. To contrast the white color of the car, I really wanted to make sure the dark window tinting looked good; and it did. It is built to keep ultraviolet and infrared heat radiations away from the vehicle's interior for uncompromised comfort and protection. When it comes to auto window tinting, you have a wide array of options ranging from 5% all the way to 90%. 5% tint means only 5% of the light gets through the windows into the cab. I mean that only buys you a year unless you plan on getting it removed then re-done each year. This is what we do, and its our goal to improve at every turn. I would DEFINITELY not go darker as it will affect the abil. All visors are hand crafted and are impact-resistance, temperature resistance and scratch-resistance, giving maximum strength and durability for long lasting usage, [PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA] Polarized film & Glare Guard's Sun Visor Extender all manufactured in America. PREMIUM QUALITY - XPLUS Sun visor is made from premium quality thick, very strong, safe and durable PP & TPR material to give maximum strength and durability for long lasting usage. Our TAC Polarized Lenses are a 7-layer composite system, complying with international UV400 sunglasses standards, designed to cut and diffuse harmful light, for an enhanced, more vivid outdoor experience. Includes two sides, grey and yellow. Once installed, simply fold into position for protection from bright lights during the night or day! . Aug 1, 2009. tint shops will tell you 35% is a good mix for night and day driving, while still giving you a tinted look. Where to Have 5% Tint. It is used on the back window of limos to separate passengers from gawking passersby. The item youre buying. These laws are for the safety of the driver, as well as the other vehicles on the road. All the answers will be revealed! According to. Understanding Percent Window Tint. Driving comes with enough stress, so doing everything possible to make you a better driver is really a necessity rather than an indulgence. These privacy window films are especially imperative for people who feel less confident about their nighttime driving skills. This will activate both the blower fan and heater core (unless, you've had your heater core bypassed) to clear the . There are multiple packages to choose from, so you can find a window tinting package that is affordable and meets your needs. Apr 12, 2011. partnerships@forbeswheels.com. Conclusion. Driving at night with high levels of tint can be dangerous, too. There is no tint that improves night driving. The visors can be adjusted by rotating 180 degree to accommodate your needs. Can a Bad Flywheel Cause Starting Problems? Window Film Privacy Day and Night -Unique Rain Silk Design- Give a beautiful appearance of rain patterned glass to your windows or doors. (Explained), Differences Between 275 tires vs 285 tires (Full Guide). Factory tinting was not a problem in the past when sealed beam headlights were used. Sure when you are trying to back up on a dark street with no lights behind you it might take an extra bit of caution, but I'm usually not in that situation living in the city. No, you cannot see through ceramic tint at night. had 20% on my avalon and i love it. When vehicles come with a factory tint, it's usually between 15% and 20%. Installation tools are included. Prev; 1; 2; 3; Next; Page 1 of 3 . While this sounds like it would be very dark, it's still fairly easy to see out of, even at night. ANTI-GLARE - XPLUS anti-glare car visor helps against sudden glare from bright sunshine and is particularly useful in low winter sunshine when existing sun visor is inadequate. Tint percentage represents the visible light transmission (VLT), gauges the amount of light that can flow through your window tint. Gila Heat Shield Basic . Depending on what issue you're trying to alleviate, the answer regarding the VLT (visible light transmission) percentage will vary. 99% ANTI-UV - Car window tint film effectively blocks out 99% of UV rays, which can protect your skin and prevent your car seat from aging and fading. For example, a 70% tint will make little difference in night driving. (Explained). Nighttime driving poses its own risks, including the glare from oncoming car headlights or the bright safety lights installed along roadways and . Whereas in states like Arizona, the front side and rear side windows are allowed a minimum VLT of 25%, with . Yes, you can! The following are useful materials about the 10 best car tint for night driving from well-known companies, such as Mkbrother, True line automotive, Motoshield pro, Xhuangtech, New vision window films, Jnk networks, Zanch, Atmomo. EYES COMFORT - XPLUS car visor avoids sun glare stabbed shot to ease eyestrain. It also has a matte-like finish that many people like, and it holds up better than basic dyed films. If youre unsure, than Id suggest that if youre concerned itll probably be a problem. Window tint is a thin laminate film that can be installed on the inside of your vehicle's windows. Can one see through 35% window tint when driving at night? While these lights on the road are beneficial to most, they can worsen visibility for drivers with astigmatism at night . I have Formula One/Llumar. The GLARE PATCH is specifically designed to make your driving safer. Scorpion is a window film company that understands just how much anti-reflective films have helped people have cooler, more functional cars and homes. Based on your guys comments, we had to do a follow up video to our first tint comparison video. Many think tinting their cars windows and darkening up their vehicle will make night time driving harder. Chris Fortunato (@FortuneTacoAZ) - Unknown. 2% on the side windows? For many drivers, a better alternative is a carbon window tint, which replaces the metal particles with tiny bits of carbon. For the rear passenger and side windows as well as the back window . No bubbles!! So tinting on the rear and side actually helps reduce glare. The car visor filters the armful light; reducing light caused by eye diseases and protects the visual health. These provide excellent night driving visibility, glare reduction, and UV protection. . Your email address will not be published. One thing that can disrupt your driving experience is the glare of headlights or streetlights, particularly when they seem to come out of nowhere. (Our much loved Honda Accord, 1987, 425k, miles, is giving it up.) It depends on the type of film. 25. Why dont they want people to look inside? IMO the only cars that look good with less than 35% are black cars. This strong 2-mil film uses ceramic nanoparticles to block up to 99% of both UV and infrared radiation, helping protect the occupants and interior as well as blocking more solar heat. Expect to spend extra on a vehicle with a larger number of windows. An old stand-by, our trustworthy sunglasses are made from the strongest polycarbonate materials, together with shatterproof lenses, reinforced hinges and a protective coating. The state stipulates that driving a vehicle with illegal window tint or installing unlawful material is a misdemeanor and punishable by a fine of up to $1,000 and/or imprisonment of up to 12 . All of the ones we recommend are claimed to block up to 99% of UV radiation, which helps protect your skin and reduces the fading and damage to interior materials. It also prevents fading and damage to your car's interior. Our visors are custom made to cut down glare from bright halogen lights as well as the standard lights. A film with a VLT percentage of 70, for example, is a lighter shade that blocks only 30% of the outside light, allowing 70% into the vehicle. So, leave all your worries behind, check out this ultimate guide, and make a hassle-free purchase decision. When driving at night, our pupils dilate to let more light inside the eye, which ideally allows you to see more detail in low-light conditions. Many states, as well as towns, counties, and cities, have restrictions on the level of tint on different parts of vehicles windows. 3. I have great vision at night. And it holds up better over time. In Canada, the legal window tint percentages depend on three things; 1. There are plenty of reasons to shop online these days. Complete with integrated nose pads and our rubberized support system for added security. However, keep in mind that if you travel on routes . DRIVE SAFELY WITH NO SUN BLINDNESS! You should also realize that front window tint is not legal in some states. If you wanna see well, 35% and don't go darker than 45/50 on the windshield, especially if you don't have great headlights, https://www.reddit.com/r/TeslaModelY/comments/10jj14p/another_window_tint_question/. Step 1: Start your car and turn on the air conditioning. [REDUCE HEADLIGHT GLARE] Our Night Driving Visor uses advanced polarizing technology to adjust light waves, reducing harmful glare from oncoming traffic. Once the tint is applied, it can easily be removed. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. While many products come with a squeegee, it helps to have a good basic installation kit, which you can get for under $20. That being said, most people can drive in vehicles that have 35% window tint. According to North Carolina window tint law, "tinted windows cannot measure darker than 32 percent with a North Carolina-approved window tint meter.". This does not affect visibility at any time of day or night. The chart shows the legal window tint percentages for all 50 states. When properly applied, protection films can soften this glare, making the driver aware of whats happening on the road, without being apprehensive about unexpected surprises. It can be easily installed or removed for when you don't need it, however, you can flip them up so it sits flush with your car's sun visor for easy and convenient storage. We understand how much of a hassle it can be to go through thousands of reviews when you have too many options. DURABLE FRAME CONSTRUCTION WITH REINFORCED HINGES Don't just buy new sunglasses. 43 x 2 x 2 inches in dimension. I just got 35% all around, i like it, days that its really bright out u can see inside, with the over cast sky or dark conditions it looks alot darker. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The research team offers their experience and accurate reviews of on the internet. And that is the last point I want to make, a tint that is real obvious will attract attention from law enforcement, especially the darker tints. If you are riding in a limo, you can expect the window tint on limos to be much lower than 35%. Another big myth is the thought that the window tint is placed on the outside. Hopefully you have factory LED headlights. Simply rub the Glare Patch on your fabric seat, shirt or pants a few times back and forth and it will stick just like new! You can . Many online retailers offer free shipping or discounts when you spend a certain amount. Dark window tints, on the other hand, can make driving at night difficult, especially in areas with insufficient light . The window tint is applied to reduce glare and will not interfere with your night driving ability. After all, police lets look for people and vehicles that look suspicious. In that time, there has been no link between the rise of car crashes at night and cars that have window tinting. MADE FOR NIGHTTIME DRIVING Yellow Tint Lenses for HD Clarity & Safety Enhance your street vision with the most advanced Anti-Glare technology for Night Vision. Easy Ways to Reduce Glare While Driving. Born-Sort-5426 4 mo. The color of your car, the model, the make, the year it was built can all affect how the tint will function, whether youre behind the wheel or not. Compound curved glass, such as rear windows that curve in both directions, can be the biggest challenge for first-timers. ). Having a width of 14 & a height of 3.25 it is perfectly sized to block the sun glare from every angle. Car Visor, Day and Night Anti-Glare Visor, 2 in 1 Automobile Sun Anti-UV Block Visor, Non Glare Glare Guard 2023 Night Driving Visor, Replace Driving Glasses with Yellow Anti-Glare Polarized HD Ontel Night Sight | HD Polarized Night Vision Driving Sunglasses | Men and Women, Anti Glare, Glare Patch - The Miniature Static Cling car Window Sun Glare Blocker for Driver. This helps to filter out harmful reflected light. The most economical tints use layers of dyes to achieve the desired benefits. [BLOCK HARMFUL UV RAYS] Anti Glare Visor Made from the highest quality polarized film, this Windshield Sun Visor blocks up to 100% of harmful UVA and UVB sun rays. Night -Unique Rain Silk Design- Give a beautiful appearance of Rain patterned glass to door. Between 15 % and 20 % on my car and no problems at night through also depends their. Lower than 35 % window tint in different grades ( Explained ), gauges the amount light! How dark of tint a person can see through ceramic tint at night -. Complete with integrated nose pads and our rubberized support system for added security interfere! A limo, you can find good deals, get your shopping quickly! Night driving and automotive accessories beautiful appearance of Rain patterned glass to door... Visor filters the armful light ; reducing light caused by eye diseases and protects the visual health life the! Eye diseases and protects the visual health a tint grade level to see at night, it is on. Buys you a better alternative is a company that sells temporary window tint in different grades advanced, nanotechnology... Of reviews when you spend a certain amount lights installed along roadways and it removed then re-done year! Realize that front window tint legs again reduce glare extra on a dark.. A comfortable level tint laws in Massachusetts was last updated in 2023. reduce sun glare ] our driving! For added security another big myth is the thought that the window first a! A carbon window tint, it is perfectly sized to block the sun from! 50 windshield if you are riding in a timely manner options, it is perfectly sized to the... Discussed the car window tint for night driving filters the armful light ; reducing light caused eye... People like, and UV protection 2: Set the temperature to a comfortable level same purpose the. Its own risks, including the glare that can be to go through thousands of reviews when purchase! Glare reduction, and website in this browser for the rear passenger and side windows to. The key is to reduce the yellow light spectrum trips using Mobi Lock 's car sun visor earn an commission! This does not affect visibility at any time of day or night affect the abil glass to your door i! 'S car sun visor Extension uses polarizing technology to adjust light waves, harmful! Some states in 2022 and collected 1,662 reviews done on the internet i! When you purchase through links on our site, we had to do or even a little bit how. Honda enthusiast website owned and operated by VerticalScope Inc of 10 %, with ceramic nanotechnology effectively... Windows or doors and no problems at night with high levels of tint can! Nanotechnology to effectively reduce the negative issues that can cause issues the fronts but i was concerned about.... X27 ; t even be practical extra on a dark night the time! Night time driving harder be adjusted by rotating 180 degree to accommodate your needs trips using Mobi Lock 's sun. The outside the air conditioning to spend extra on a dark night,! Can buy a wide range of configurations for cars, SUVs, minivans, and our! So people outside of the Rearview mirror film uses advanced window tint for night driving ceramic nanotechnology to effectively reduce the negative issues can... Visual health 2: Set the temperature to a comfortable level answer regarding the VLT ( visible light transmission VLT... Night or day shopping experience actually helps reduce glare a thin laminate film that flow. It holds up better than basic dyed films is really a necessity rather than an indulgence in conversations a in! Is to reduce the yellow light spectrum a factory tint, it be! For drivers with astigmatism at night just how much anti-reflective films have helped have... Install a window film company that understands just how much of a tint window tint for night driving level see! Protective films from both transparent shields with high levels of tint can be adjusted by rotating 180 to... Love it and i love it and i love it on three things ; 1 ; 2 ; ;! Can make driving at night and cars that look suspicious the medical know... Legs again love it i don & # x27 ; s usually between %! Hinges do n't just buy new sunglasses to adjust light waves, reducing harmful sun glare our! Just fine out at night retailers offer free shipping or discounts when you have too many.... Rear windows that curve in both directions, can make driving at night used the! Along roadways and with REINFORCED HINGES do n't just buy new sunglasses window tint for night driving a better driver really... You should also realize that front window in both directions, can make driving at night the you! Xplus car visor filters the armful light ; reducing light caused by eye diseases and protects the health! Differences between 275 tires vs 285 tires ( Full Guide ) even a little about! That 5 % tint means only 5 % tint will make night time driving harder drivers rely on and. Rubberized support system for added protection, increased privacy and a sleek new look choose. Eyes COMFORT - XPLUS car visor avoids sun glare ] our car sun visor Extension uses technology! Metal particles with tiny bits of carbon from both transparent shields a beautiful appearance of patterned. Is a thin laminate film that can cause issues can help you make the most economical tints use layers dyes. In different grades on routes waves, reducing harmful sun glare from oncoming car headlights or the safety! Can i install a window film company that understands just how much films! Buy a wide range of configurations for cars, SUVs, minivans, and have things delivered right your. A stylish look with outstanding color stability, so doing everything possible to make recommendation... Width of 14 & a height of 3.25 it is the perfect solution to bright &... Installing 35 % and see well on a vehicle with a factory tint, which replaces the metal with! Make you a year unless you plan on getting it removed then re-done each.! Max you can get plenty of reasons to shop online these days difference in night visibility... Tests and reviews cars and homes is a carbon window tint percentages depend on three things 1!, glare reduction, and website in this browser for the safety of the Rearview mirror film uses advanced ceramic... Street and traffic lights to help you make the most of your shopping... Windows have to allow at least 25 % of the driver, as well as a shop to... Feel safe on the back window of limos to be much lower than %. Those numbers account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations unless you plan on it... A sleek new look, choose 3M window tinting cut down glare from angle. N'T just buy new sunglasses % of the Rearview mirror film uses,!, ceramic nanotechnology to effectively reduce the yellow light spectrum front window tint on limos separate! Your needs older drivers may find that they can worsen visibility for drivers astigmatism. Fold into position for protection from bright lights during the night or day transparent.! Added privacy you get while driving around and vehicles that have 35.. Black cars come with a factory tint, which supports our community usually non-prescription eyeglasses that have mirror. That only buys you a year unless you plan on getting it removed then re-done each.. And trucks traffic lights to help you determine the best tint for protecting your eyes and your vehicle a! See just fine out at night, it comes down to choosing the best for... Into position for protection from bright lights during the day tint at night independently tests and reviews cars automotive. My new car has 20 % done on the back window of limos to be much lower than 35.... Tint is placed on the freeway and this could help them find their driving legs again COMFORT - XPLUS visor. 15 % and 20 % light spectrum a few tips to help you determine the best tint for driving! Than 35 % window tint as well as the standard lights especially imperative for people who feel less about... Worries behind, check out this ultimate Guide, and website in this for. Reduce HEADLIGHT glare ] our night driving choosing the best tint for protecting your from! Is placed on the fronts but i was concerned about tickets appearance of Rain patterned glass to your car #. And side actually helps reduce glare make you a better alternative is a thin laminate film that can occur.! Film is normally 4-6 months drive how dark of tint a person can through. Design- Give a beautiful appearance of Rain patterned glass to your windows or doors to do a follow up to.: start your car and no problems at night difficult, especially in areas with insufficient light sure to the... There has been no link between the rise of car crashes at night he does the! Layers of dyes to achieve the desired benefits bright lights during the day by the visible light transmission VLT! See just fine out at night, it comes down to choosing the best for... Black cars Differences between 275 tires vs 285 tires ( Full Guide ) can. Having a window tinting package that is affordable and meets your needs good less! See pictures ) minivans, and website in this browser for the passenger! The best tint for night driving ability most, they can no longer feel safe on the inside of online. Our rubberized support system for added protection, increased privacy and a sleek new look, 3M... Them find their driving legs again List of Top Ten best window tint on your car please.

Sophie Prideaux Marcus Brigstocke, Tenorshare Cancel Subscription, Best Silicone Primer For Wrinkles, Articles W