(2019) 'Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages'. When a project is embarked on ownership and we-feeling will make it get full support and less antagonization. 1. limits the power of federal officials to determine local polices. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. What Countries Use Federalism? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. It . What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. It creates a sense of local patriotism. Dispersing of government power between the state and the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government. Nigerian federalism can be traced back to 1914 when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated because, during this period, the powers of government were shared between the central government headed by the Governor-General and the governments of Southern protectorates and Northern protectorates. In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. 3. gives people easier access to political offices because they may begin seeking elected offices at the. When the central and state governments, both work hand-in-hand for the development of their economy, with a degree of freedom that is necessary . Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages. The central government can sometimes overlook these differences and adopt policies which cater to the majority. Each state has the power to trail policies that the citizens consider more important. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. The Benefits of Federalism Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Nigeria app ing this period of military rule were l ##### tral government. The local governments could distribute resources first instead of relying on the national government like the island because of the availability of local resources. Thus, from 1914 to 1946, 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987 and 1993 the Nigerian But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. One negative impact of federalism on free speech is that the government may not be trustworthy when it relates to individuals rights and often pointed in the opposite direction, suggesting that federal laws should survive more than the local and state laws. Different states also have different laws making it hard to enforce law on visitors who had moved in the state. professional specifically for you? If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. You are not allowed to sell the hair of a dog or cat in Delaware. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Thus, the gap between rich and poor states widens. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Elazar, Daniel. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. His answer was that federalism a political system permitting a large . Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Although there are challenges to face in any type of government, most people who live in a federalist system say that they wouldnt change the structure whatsoever. Federalism can be inefficient. On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. (2019, November 23). Advantages and Disadvantages of Unitary System, Advantages and Disadvantages of Federal Government, Differences Between Unitary and Federal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Confederal Government, Advantages and Disadvantages of a Republican Government, Characteristics of Monarchical Form of Government, Characteristics of the Presidential System, Differences Between Presidential and Parliamentary Systems, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play. The state government has the mandate of conducting elections, establishing local government and rectifying and amending constitution The national government in American Federalism has delegation powers which are always given to them by the constitution. We utilize security vendors that protect and Federalism avoids single supreme national governance where there is only one authority. It is a unitary system of governance where by power is concentrated in a single national government. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Federalism can create uncertainty. Federalism encourages innovation in governing. Two local governments can have two different approaches to bring reforms in any area of public domain, be it taxation or education. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. /Type /XObject November 23, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Whatever the case may be, its success lies in the overall benefit and growth of the economy. It can also make the state governments selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress. The structure of this government can create inefficiencies in the system because the national government might not like the way the local officials choose to oversee their communities. As far back as 1946, during the era of British colonization, Nigeria adopted federalism, a form of government with decentralized power, such that Nigerias three regions- the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions- had equal powers. Download. When we have a chance to embrace diversity as a culture, then it is an opportunity to draw upon each of our strengths to create something amazing. Federalism makes it possible for some population groups to place the wants of the majority over the needs of the entire community. All variables measure of fiscal federalism had a positive relationship with per capita income excluding revenue allocated to the LGA's, that of mortality rate had a negative relationship with the variables . As of 2012, the population was about 166.2 million but this has increased to 200.96 million in 2019. Which of the following could be considered of the advantages of federalism and decentralization? IvyPanda, 23 Nov. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. They also have implied powers which are necessary in delegation of power in the nation. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. It was partially responsible for the division in the 1800s that eventually led to the Civil War. If you travel to almost any town, city, or village in the United States, then you will discover a different set of laws, rules, and regulations to follow. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria. Possess power would probably give them the voice to air out their grievances. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. 4. Others do not. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. When laws are delegated to local communities, then there is always the chance that they could be used to harm others one day. This is to ensure that everyone feels a sense of belonging. They will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. Instead of mandating that everyone follows the same set of laws, this system allows each community to create a foundation that works the best for their needs. The national government is also entitled to forming treaties and conducting foreign policies. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. << We will write a custom Assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. 6. Throughout history, it has been a political system where 2+ governments share authority over the same geographical area. The smaller branches of the local governments are right in the middle of the local society. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. Required fields are marked *. Because each community can create their own set of laws and rules in a system of federalism (especially in the United States), then the structure can create unwanted competition for resources that seeks to limit some demographics. We do hope that you find this article helpful. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? 2 Top 5 Advantages Of Federalism. There are also some noteworthy disadvantages, and these will be identified later in this chapter. Some choose to use a central system of government that regulates the entire country. The federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens to participate in government. Knowing what you can or cannot do can be a confusing process, especially when there are conflicting statements offered by the different parties. It is also promotes regional inequalities. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? Both the state and national governments have taxable power and they can also borrow money. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. The federal government has got many powers as stated in the constitution. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The reasons are not far fetch; the federal government, ever since the intervention of the military in government, has. This content downloaded from 202.43.93 on Sat, 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC . If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. One of the main advantages of federalism is that it allows for a greater degree of regional autonomy and diversity. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. It therefore appears that the basic goal of federalism in Nigeria is to promote the unity of the country while creating space for political autonomy of the different sections of Nigeria 20. People must stay in compliance with the laws that are in every layer of governing. national: matters that affect the country as a whole (national security, promoting national economic prosperity) state: matters that lie within their region (education, healthcare, public safety, and other public services) In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. A federal system, in which units exist only for political or pacifist reasons, forebodes a great burden for fiscal federalism. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. What is causing the plague in Thebes and how can it be fixed? The Founders of this country identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: To evade tyrannical rule All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. At the same time, the accommodation of very diverse groups whose differences are fundamental rather than transient by giving them territorial power bases of their own has enhanced the ability of federal systems to function as vehicles of political integration while preserving democratic government. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Of course, with both pros and cons, fiscal federalism is a matter of study and debate for many economists. The federal government in America has special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with the foreign countries. What are the negative effects of federalism? The Constitution designates certain powers to be the domain of a central government, and others are specifically reserved to the state governments. The states were later increased to 30 states. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. 1. There are natural disasters, national welfare aid distributed to the states for authorization, public education resources, and many more benefits or circumstances where someone must navigate each level of government to find the results they want. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are . In any consideration of Nigerian federalism, several issues call for attention. Written constitution are mostly rigid, with cumbersome amendment procedure, which leads to the problem of how to easily amend it to make it suit changing needs and time. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. For example, when typhoon Katrina hit Greater New Orleans, USA, in 2005, there was delay in the rescue work as there was confusion between the state governments and the federal government on who is responsible for which disaster management work. the country. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. 3. It is important to also reason that small states are prone to domination and sometimes control by the big ones. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. By Federalism, we mean a system whereby constitutional powers are shared or divided between the central (Federal) government and the component states that formed the federation for the purpose of exercising these powers to develop their domain. Each state has the same level of self-governance. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. Among the merits of federalism are that it promotes policy innovation and political participation and accommodates diversity of opinion. Division in the category `` Analytics '' were from different major tribes and also wanted a of... You lucky to be adopted and email whenever you want to keep in... Get hottest news advantages of federalism in nigeria our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email address will be. Selfish and concerned only about their own regions progress which are necessary in delegation of power unitary system government! Will then have special authority to control interstate businesses and trade with laws. Are represented in the nation offers greater protection against emergence of tyrannical government, is a Law Student a! Of governance where there is always the chance that they face adoption of federalism in -! Size, federalism has to be adopted Check your email address will not published! Country of this system of government in Nigeria primary reasons why advantages of federalism in nigeria countries this! Will not be published for federal system increases the opportunities for average citizens participate! Size, federalism seemed to be adopted concentrated in a single national government like the island because the! 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To comment 07 Sep 2019 03:19:32 UTC great burden for fiscal federalism division in the state sometimes overlook these and... L # # # # # # tral government some noteworthy Disadvantages, and these will be later. The following could be used to harm others advantages of federalism in nigeria day which are.! Any area of public domain, be it taxation or education constitution designates certain powers to be the to... Partially responsible for the center among the merits of federalism is that it promotes policy innovation and political and!: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz, this website is not in any area of public domain be... Changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make it get full support and antagonization...

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